Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease a 11x7-inch baking dish.
Spread rice evenly in prepared baking dish. Arrange broccoli over rice and layer chicken on top. Mix cream of chicken soup, mayonnaise, lemon juice, and curry powder in a bowl; pour over chicken. Sprinkle with Cheddar cheese. Mix bread crumbs and melted butter in a small bowl; sprinkle over cheese.
Bake in preheated oven until sauce is bubbly and cheese is melted, 25 to 30 minutes.