Heat vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add cauliflower; cook and stir until lightly browned, 8 to 10 minutes. Transfer cauliflower to a bowl.
Puree onions, tomato, parsley, jalapeno, cumin, coriander, and turmeric together in a food processor. Transfer onion mixture to skillet over medium heat; cook and stir until slightly thickened, 8 to 10 minutes.
Return cauliflower to skillet; add chicken broth, garlic, and salt. Reduce heat to medium-low; cook and stir until cauliflower is easily pierced with a fork, 15 to 20 minutes.
