Whisk the sugar, paprika, salt, mustard, vinegar, garlic, Worcestershire sauce, and cayenne pepper together in a mixing bowl. Slowly drizzle in the vegetable oil while whisking rapidly until the salad dressing is thick and creamy.
Place the arugula leaves into a salad bowl, and sprinkle with the cantaloupe and avocado pieces. Drizzle with the salad dressing, then sprinkle with toasted almonds to serve.
